The exam consists of a 3-hour, 15-minute multiple-choice and free-response section. You'll answer 45 multiple-choice questions about reading passages (1 hour), then write three essays in 2 hours 15 minutes: a rhetorical analysis essay, an argument essay, and a synthesis essay. Each section tests different skills, so understanding the format and practicing under timed conditions is essential for success.

Many students struggle with time management—the three essays require clear thinking and strong writing in just over two hours. Others find the multiple-choice section tricky because it requires close reading and understanding of rhetorical devices and author intent. A third common challenge is developing a clear, persuasive thesis and supporting it with relevant evidence, rather than simply summarizing the source material.

Score improvement depends on your starting point and commitment. Students who work consistently on essay structure, rhetorical analysis, and timed practice typically see meaningful gains. Many students improve by 1-2 score points (on the 1-5 scale) with focused tutoring on their weakest essay type and targeted practice on multiple-choice strategies. The key is identifying your specific gaps—whether that's argument construction, evidence integration, or pacing—and addressing them systematically.

Start by identifying which of the three essay types (rhetorical analysis, argument, or synthesis) is your biggest challenge, then dedicate time to mastering that format. You should also work on close reading skills for the multiple-choice section and practice writing full essays under timed conditions to build confidence and speed. A tutor can help you develop a personalized study plan, review your practice essays with detailed feedback, and teach you strategies for managing test anxiety.

Aim to complete at least 3-4 full-length practice tests under timed conditions in the weeks leading up to the exam. The first practice test helps establish a baseline and identify your weakest areas. Subsequent tests should focus on applying feedback and refining your strategies. Between full tests, practice individual essay types and multiple-choice sections to build specific skills without the time pressure of a full exam.

Effective feedback focuses on three areas: thesis clarity and strength, evidence selection and integration, and how well your analysis connects back to your argument. A tutor can show you how to revise weak thesis statements, identify stronger evidence from source material, and eliminate summary in favor of analysis. Practicing revision based on specific feedback is often more valuable than writing new essays, since it builds your editing skills for test day.

Varsity Tutors connects students with experienced AP Language tutors who understand the curriculum and exam format. When you get matched with a tutor, you can discuss your specific challenges—whether that's essay structure, multiple-choice strategies, or test anxiety—and create a study plan tailored to your goals. Tutors can work with you on practice essays, review your writing, and help you build confidence before test day.