Many students struggle with regrouping (borrowing), especially when multiple zeros are involved in the minuend. Others have gaps in number sense or haven't fully automatized basic subtraction facts, which slows them down on multi-step problems. Some students also confuse subtraction with addition or struggle to understand what subtraction means in word problems. Expert tutors can diagnose these specific gaps and use targeted strategies to build confidence and fluency.

Fluency develops through consistent, spaced practice over time—typically requiring weeks to months depending on the student's starting point and the complexity level. Research in learning science shows that mixing practice types (fact drills, word problems, real-world applications) and spacing practice sessions across days is more effective than massed practice. Personalized tutoring provides structured, efficient practice tailored to your child's pace, helping them reach fluency faster than independent work alone.

The first session focuses on understanding your child's current skill level, learning style, and specific challenges with subtraction. A tutor will work through problems together, observe where confusion arises, and ask questions to uncover gaps—whether they're in basic facts, regrouping, or conceptual understanding. This assessment guides the personalized plan so sessions directly address what your child needs most, making every lesson count.

Many students show noticeable progress within 2-4 weeks of consistent tutoring, especially when addressing specific gaps like regrouping or fact fluency. However, the timeline depends on the student's starting point and how frequently they receive instruction and practice. Regular sessions combined with brief daily practice at home accelerate progress significantly compared to sporadic help.

Look for tutors with strong foundational math knowledge who understand how subtraction connects to other math concepts like place value and addition. Experience working with students at your child's grade level is valuable, as is the ability to explain concepts multiple ways and adapt based on how your child learns best. Varsity Tutors connects you with experienced tutors who have proven track records helping students master fundamental math skills.

Keep practice brief (10-15 minutes) and focused on what the tutor is working on—mixing fact drills with real-world applications like making change or comparing quantities. Use manipulatives or visual aids if your child is still building concrete understanding. Praise effort and specific strategies rather than just correct answers, and avoid expressing frustration about math, as this can increase anxiety. Your tutor can suggest specific activities and resources tailored to your child's needs.

Mesa's 37 school districts follow Arizona state standards, which emphasize conceptual understanding alongside procedural fluency in subtraction. Most elementary programs introduce subtraction in first grade using concrete models, then progress to pictorial and abstract representations. With an average student-teacher ratio of 15.7:1 across Mesa's 194 schools, many students benefit from additional personalized support to ensure they master foundational skills before moving to more complex operations.