Many students struggle with regrouping (borrowing), which requires understanding place value and managing multi-step processes simultaneously. Others find it difficult to visualize what subtraction means conceptually—especially the difference between "taking away" and "comparing" models. Additionally, some students rush through problems without checking their work or understanding why they're performing each step, leading to careless errors that compound over time.

Personalized 1-on-1 instruction allows tutors to identify exactly where a student's understanding breaks down—whether it's place value, regrouping, or problem-solving strategy—and target those specific gaps rather than reviewing material the student already knows. Tutors can use multiple representations (manipulatives, drawings, number lines, algorithms) to help concepts click, and they adjust pacing based on the student's learning speed. This focused approach typically accelerates progress compared to classroom instruction, where teachers must move at an average pace for 20+ students.

In kindergarten and 1st grade, students learn to subtract within 10 using concrete objects and visual models. By 2nd grade, they work with subtraction within 20 and begin understanding regrouping for two-digit numbers. In 3rd grade and beyond, students master regrouping with larger numbers, solve multi-step word problems, and connect subtraction to other operations. Understanding these grade-level progressions helps tutors and parents identify whether a student is on track or needs targeted support to catch up.

In the first session, a tutor will assess your student's current understanding by observing how they approach subtraction problems, asking questions about their thinking, and identifying specific areas of confusion—whether that's regrouping, place value, or problem interpretation. The tutor will then discuss learning goals with you and create a personalized plan that builds on your student's strengths while systematically addressing gaps. This diagnostic approach ensures that tutoring time is spent on what your student actually needs, not on review of material they've already mastered.

Effective strategies include daily practice with a mix of problem types (within 10, with regrouping, word problems), using manipulatives or visual models to reinforce conceptual understanding, and explicitly teaching strategies like counting on, decomposing numbers, and using known facts. Spaced repetition—reviewing material over time rather than cramming—strengthens long-term retention. Tutors also help students develop self-checking habits and build confidence by celebrating progress and gradually increasing problem difficulty as mastery grows.

Varsity Tutors connects you with expert tutors who have experience teaching subtraction at your student's grade level and can explain concepts in ways that match their learning style. When you describe your student's specific challenges—whether it's regrouping, word problems, or building basic facts—Varsity Tutors matches you with a tutor who has proven success in that area. You can discuss qualifications, teaching approach, and availability to ensure the right fit before your first session.

Many students show noticeable improvement within 2-4 weeks of consistent tutoring, especially if they're addressing specific skill gaps like regrouping or fact fluency. However, the timeline depends on the student's starting point, the frequency of tutoring sessions, and how much they practice between sessions. Building true mastery—where subtraction becomes automatic and students can apply it confidently in word problems—typically takes several months of regular practice and instruction tailored to their pace.